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Geçmişte göçte kaynak ve transit ülke konumunda olan Türkiye, gelişen ekonomisi ve yaşam koşullarıyla birlikte, son yıllarda aynı zamanda hedef ülke haline gelmiştir. Balkan ülkelerinden gelen göçler “Evlad-ı Fatihan” algısıyla bir kucaklamaya dönüşürken, çevresindeki ülkelerde yaşanan ekonomik güçlükler ve siyasi istikrarsızlık nedeniyle gelen göçler toplumsal yapıyı ve huzuru bozma noktasına gelmiştir.
Diğer taraftan son bir yüzyıl boyunca, bir imparatorluktan ulus-devlete uzanan çizgide Türkiye’nin göçlerle dönüşen bir ülke oluşu yalnızca kendi coğrafyası için değil, çok daha geniş bir dünya coğrafyası için de önemli bir olgudur. Bu değerlendirmenin tersi bir önerme ile ulus-devlet oluşumundan ulus-ötesi dönüşümlere uzanan tarihsel bir süreç içinde göç ve sığınma politikalarının rolü de ayrıca tartışılmalıdır.
Ülkemizde sığınmacı ve mülteci nüfusunun kontrolsüz artışı nedeniyle önümüzdeki yıllarda Türk dilinin, Türk töre ve kültürünün zarar görmesi ve yozlaştırılması riskine karşı nasıl önlemler alınabilir? Diğer taraftan ülkemiz, Ulus devlet oluşumundan Ulus ötesi kapsamda etki alanını arttırabileceği bir süreçte göçleri fırsata dönüştürebilir mi?
Göç, insanların ikamet ettikleri yerden farklı bir yere belirli bir süreliğine ya da tamamen yerleşmek için gerçekleştirdiği hareketi ifade eder. Gerekçe, yöntem ve hukiki açısından göçler farklı gruplarda adlandırılmaktadırlar. Bunlar arasında en çok karşılaştıklarımızdan Zorunlu göç; savaş, şiddet, ekonomik çözümsüzlükler, doğa felaketleri ve kıtlık gibi sebeplerden dolayı yapılan göçtür. Düzensiz göç ise geçerli belgeleri olmadan, yasadışı bir şekilde gerçekleşen göçe denir. Hukiki açıdan ise Göçmenler sığınmacı, mülteci olmak üzere farklı kategorilerde sınıflandırılmaktadır.
Türkiye’de göçler toplumsal hafızamız açısından çok önemli bir yere sahiptir. Son yüzyıl içindeki göçleri üç başlık altında toparlayabiliriz. Bunlar;Osmanlının son yıllarında ve cumhuriyetin başlarında gelen göçler, 1960-70’li yıllarda Avrupa’ya çalışmaya giden işçilerin
,göçü ve 1990 sonrasında yakın coğrafyadan başta İstanbul olmak üzere büyük şehirlere göçen yeni göçmenler: transit göçmenler, sığınmacılar, yüksek vasıflılar, Avrupalı emeklilerden oluşmaktadır. Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında kaybettiğimiz topraklardaki müslüman tebaa Anadolu’ya gelirken, gayri müslimler de ayrılmışlardır. Muhacir olarak isimlendirilen bu grubun göçü cumhuriyetin ilanından sonra da devam etmiştir. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti dışarıdan genel bu göçü devlet politikası olarak desteklemiştir. Ancak son yıllarda başta Afganistan, Irak ve Suriye olmak üzere Ortadoğu ülkelerinden gelen kitlesel göçlere bağlı sığınmacı ve mülteci sayısındaki yüksek artış toplum tarafından tepkileri de beraberinde getirmiştir.
Geçmişte göçte kaynak ve transit ülke konumunda olan Türkiye, gelişen ekonomisi ve yaşam koşullarıyla birlikte, son yıllarda aynı zamanda hedef ülke haline gelmiştir. Balkan ülkelerinden gelen göçler “Evlad-ı Fatihan” algısıyla bir kucaklamaya dönüşürken, çevresindeki ülkelerde yaşanan ekonomik güçlükler ve siyasi istikrarsızlık nedeniyle gelen göçler toplumsal yapıyı ve huzuru bozma seviyesine gelmesi Türkiye’nin göç politikası açısından önemli bir sınamaya dönüşmüştür.
Ülkemiz bu sınamaya karşın, küresel bir sorun olan düzensiz göçe karşı önlemlerin, küresel bağlamda ele alınmasını; göçmen kaçakçılarına karşı güçlü bir mücadelenin yanında göçün siyasi, ekonomik ve güvenlik kaynaklı temel nedenlerine yönelik kalıcı çözümler üretilmesini savunmuştur. Göçte kaynak ülkelerdeki çatışma bölgelerinde barış ve istikrarın tesisi ile bu ülkelere insani ve kalkınma yardımlarının arttırılmasına yönelik tedbirlerin alınmasını önemsemiş ve bu konularda elinden gelen çabayı göstermiştir. Ayrıca göçmenlerin adalete, eğitime ve sağlık imkânlarına erişimlerinin de kolaylaştırılmasını savunmuş ve bu doğrultuda ciddi bedeller ödemiştir.
Diğer taraftan son bir yüzyıl boyunca, bir imparatorluktan ulus-devlete uzanan çizgide Türkiye’nin göçlerle dönüşen bir ülke oluşu yalnızca kendi coğrafyası için değil, çok daha geniş bir dünya coğrafyası için de önemli bir olgudur. Bu değerlendirmenin tersi bir önerme ile ulus-devlet oluşumundan ulus-ötesi dönüşümlere uzanan tarihsel bir süreç içinde göç ve sığınma politikalarının rolü de ayrıca tartışılmalıdır.
Ülkemizde sığınmacı ve göçmen nüfusunun kontrolsüz artışı ve vatan toptaklarımızın bazı bölgelerinde toplumsal yapımızı bozmaya varması nedeniyle önümüzdeki yıllarda Türk dilinin, Türk töre ve kültürünün zarar görmesi ve yozlaştırılması riskine karşı nasıl önlemler alınabilir? Diğer taraftan ülkemiz Ulus devlet oluşumundan Ulus ötesi kapsamda etki alanını arttırabileceği bir süreçte göçleri fırsata dönüştürebilir mi?
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